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Mobile data offloading - Wikipedia. Mobile data offloading, is the use of complementary network technologies for delivering data originally targeted for cellular networks. Wireless internet in WiFi hotspots makes for a convenient connection. To connect to the wireless internet, you need proximity, a little hardware, and permission. Offloading reduces the amount of data being carried on the cellular bands, freeing bandwidth for other users. It is also used in situations where local cell reception may be poor, allowing the user to connect via wired services with better connectivity. Rules triggering the mobile offloading action can be set by either an end- user (mobile subscriber) or an operator. The code operating on the rules resides in an end- user device, in a server, or is divided between the two. End users do data offloading for data service cost control and the availability of higher bandwidth. The main complementary network technologies used for mobile data offloading are Wi- Fi, femtocell and Integrated Mobile Broadcast. It is predicted. This has been enabled by smartphone devices possessing Wi- Fi capabilities together with large screens and different Internet applications, from browsers to video and audio streaming applications. In addition to smart phones, laptops with 3. G access capabilities are also seen as a major source of mobile data traffic. Additionally, Wi- Fi is typically much less costly to build than cellular networks. Annual growth rate of 5. Femtocells use standard cellular radio technologies, thus any mobile device is capable of participating in the data offloading process, though some modification is needed to accommodate the different backhaul connection. Hence, it may turn out to be difficult, both technically and business wise, to mass deploy femtocell access points. Self- Organizing Network (SON). Wi- Fi technology is different radio technology than cellular, but most Internet capable mobile devices now come with Wi- Fi capability. There are already millions of installed Wi- Fi networks mainly in congested areas such as airports, hotels and city centers and the number is growing rapidly. The consolidation of Wi- Fi networks is proceeding both through a community approach, Fon as the prime example, and by the consolidation of Wi- Fi network operators. As standardization has focused on degree of coupling between the cellular and Wi- Fi networks, the competing solutions can be classified based on the minimum needed level of network interworking. Besides standardization, research communities have been exploring more open and programmable design in order to fix the deployment dilemma. Standardization efforts have focused on specifying tightly or loose coupling between the cellular and the Wi- Fi networks, especially in a network- controlled manner. This makes Wi- Fi a de facto 3. GPP RAN. 3. GPP has also specified an alternative loosely coupled solution for Wi- Fi. The approach is called Interworking Wireless LAN (IWLAN). In the IWLAN architecture, a mobile device opens a VPN/IPsec tunnel from the device to the dedicated IWLAN server in the operator’s core network to provide the user either an access to the operator’s walled- garden services or to a gateway to the public Internet. With loose coupling between the networks the only integration and interworking point is the common authentication architecture. This no coupling alternative omits the need for interworking standardization. For majority of the web traffic there is no added value to route the data through the operator core network. In this case the offloading can simply be carried out by switching the IP traffic to use the Wi- Fi connection in mobile client instead of the cellular data connection. In this approach the two networks are in practice totally separated and network selection is done by a client application. Studies show that significant amount of data can be offloaded in this manner to Wi- Fi networks even when users are mobile. Under certain conditions and due to an increase of the burstiness of the non- offloaded traffic (i. The energy consumption in offloading is also another concern. In the WLAN scanning- based initiation the user device periodically performs WLAN scanning. When a known or an open Wi- Fi network is found, an offloading procedure is initiated. In the user- initiated mode, a user is prompted to select which network technology is used. This happens usually once per a network access session. In the remotely managed approach, a network server initiates each offloading procedure by prompting the connection manager of a specific user device. Operator- managed is a subclass of the remotely managed approach. In the operator- managed approach, the operator is monitoring its network load and user behavior. In the case of forthcoming network congestion, the operator initiates the offloading procedure. Access network discovery and selection function (ANDSF) is the most complete 3. GPP approach to date. The purpose of the ANDSF is to assist user devices to discover access networks in their vicinity and to provide rules (policies) to prioritize and manage connections to all networks. Such functionality can be found from most modern operating systems (for example from all Windows versions beginning from XP SP3, Ubuntu, Nokia N9. Android and Apple i. Phone). The connection managers do not require coupling of the cellular and the Wi- Fi networks. Bluetooth or Wifi. Direct) there is also the possibility of offloading delay tolerant data to the ad hoc network layer. In this case, the delay tolerant data is sent to only a subset of data receivers via the 3. G network, with the rest forwarded between devices in the ad hoc layer in a multi- hop fashion. As a result, the traffic on the cellular network is reduced, or gets shifted to inter- device networks. Read Write web blog. Retrieved August 2. Wi- Fi for Data Offloading & Indoor Coverage. Att. com (Press release). AT& T Intellectual Property. Retrieved 2. 01. 4- 0. AT& T Inc. Cho, et al., SMORE: Software- defined Networking Mobile Offloading Architecture Proc. ACM SIGCOMM All. Things. Cellular 2. 01. 4^A. Ding, et al., Vision: Augmenting Wi. Fi Offloading with An Open- source Collaborative Platform Proc. ACM Mobi. Com MCS 2. Jouni Korhonen, et al. Toward Network Controlled IP Traffic Offloading IEEE Communications Magazine, Volume 5. Issue 3, p. 9. 6 - 1. GPP TR 4. 3. 9. 02^3. GPP TS 2. 3. 2. 34^Aruna Balasubramanian, Ratul Mahajan, Arun Venkataramani. Augmenting Mobile 3. G using Wi. Fi Proc. Mobi. Sys 2. 01. 0^Kyunghan Lee, Joohyun Lee, Yung Yi, Injong Rhee and Song Chong. Mobile Data Offloading: How Much Can Wi. Fi Deliver? Co. NEXT 2. Dimatteo, Savio; Hui, Pan; Han, Bo; Li, Victor O. K. IEEE 8th International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems (MASS): 1. Krendzel, M. Mangues, Modeling Network Traffic in Mobile Networks Implementing Offloading, in proceedings of the 1. ACM MSWIM- 2. 01. November 2. 01. 1, USA^Aaron Yi Ding, Bo Han, et al. Enabling Energy- Aware Collaborative Mobile Data Offloading for Smartphones Proc. IEEE SECON 2. 01. GPP TS 2. 3. 4. 02^Patrick Baier, Frank D. TOMP: Opportunistic Traffic Offloading Using Movement Predictions Proc. LCN 2. 01. 2^Han, Bo; Hui, Pan; Kumar, V. S. Anil; Marathe, Madhav V.; Shao, Jianhua; Srinivasan, Aravind (May 2. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.
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